蓝天救援队小怪事件基本算是过去了,但由此引出的问题我觉得值得思考。
比如陈晖提到的“我觉得作为攀岩者,保护攀岩路线和岩场的心情是可以理解的。不过,未经他人同意,就去拆除他人的设施,未免过于鲁莽。这不是犯了蓝天救援队类似的错误码?从法律的角度来说,貌似有盗窃嫌疑吧?类似事件,还有攀岩路线的第一个挂片丢失及顶环丢失事件等问题。虽然出发点不同,但都有类似的错误。”
原文见http://bbs.rockbeer.org/viewthre ... &extra=page%3D1。
当初看到盗窃论的说法,我直觉的认为这不算是盗窃,但不是学法律的,没有想明白这里的问题,所以没有评论。
前几天无意看到了ASCA(美国安全攀登协会,这个协会主要干rebolt的事情)的网站,看到下边一段话感觉有点儿豁然开朗。
Avalanches, rock fall, incorrect installation, freeze/thaw cycles, manufacturing defects, and climbers attempting to remove the bolt with tools can all be the cause of messed up bolts. Bolts are technically speaking "abandoned property" and not regulated by any government agency or any organization.
原文链接http://www.safeclimbing.org/about_overview.htm
雪崩、落石、不正确的安装、周期性的冰冻和暴晒、生产瑕疵以及人为的尝试使用工具移除bolt都可能引发问题。Bolts严格从法律意义上讲叫做“被遗弃的财产”,不在任何政府机关和组织的管理之下。
"abandoned property"这个应该是一个法律名词,我想这是关键,虽然我不是学法律的,但从字面意思也可以推断,为什么要放弃权利,因为要避免承担责任。如果你对你打的bolt声称拥有所有权,那你就应该承担维护的责任,如果你打的bolt上摔死了人,你就得承担法律责任。而相信没有任何一个打bolt的敢保证bolt不出问题.bolt这东西在美国作为abandoned property应该是一个很老的约定,上个世纪7,80年代就有拆挂片引起的斗殴事件,打人的进了局子,也从没听说诉讼拆挂片的人偷东西的,我想abandoned property是关键。
天朝的法律相关名词是什么还需要专家答疑,我回头也会请教学法律的同学。
好了,现在我认为,未经许可拆钉跟犯法没啥关系!只跟道德、潜规则有关系。
新的白河路书在编辑过程中,是否要特别声明abandoned property请大家讨论,我建议在风险提示一章中特别列出。
另外,ASCA关于风险的声明我简单翻译了一下,请参考(翻的有点儿仓促,看不顺眼了您提,我马上改)
Bolts are not regulated or certified and may break
Bolts是不规范的或者受认证的,有可能失效
Bolts used for outdoor rock climbing in the U.S. have historically not been regulated or certified in any way. Historical practice is to use bolts which are nowhere near any "reasonable" level of safety compared to the standards of modern society, and even the bolts used now to establish new routes and replace old bolts are not certified or regulated in any way. Limitations due to ease and speed and type mean that even many bolts used by the ASCA are nowhere near what would be considered acceptable safety margins in other walks of life such as the modern construction industry. The ASCA is a bit of a misnomer, because climbing is (obviously) not a "safe" thing to do. Old deteriorating bolts are potential death traps even for experienced climbers, and the ASCA seeks to replace them with well camouflaged stainless steel bolts which will not rust, and are easily removable/replaceable in the future. No bolt is ever guaranteed, and trusting a bolt with your life is always a gamble.
美国户外攀岩使用的bolt历史上没有被规范或者认证过,早期使用bolt的实践相比现代社会的标准来说更远谈不上安全。即使现在使用的bolt也从没有规范认证过。出于易用性、速度以及安装方式的局限性,即使ASCA目前使用的很多bolts跟其它行业,比如建筑业的安全标准相比相差甚远。ASCA(美国安全攀登协会)这个名称有点儿用词不当,因为攀登明显不是一个安全的事情,老旧的bolt即使对于有经验的攀登者来说也可能是死亡陷阱,ASCA寻找它们,使用良好涂装的不锈钢BOLT(不易腐蚀,将来容易移除和替换)替换它们。但是,没有bolt是永久保险的,把自己的生命挂在一个bolt上就是一种赌博。
Avalanches, rock fall, incorrect installation, freeze/thaw cycles, manufacturing defects, and climbers attempting to remove the bolt with tools can all be the cause of messed up bolts. Bolts are technically speaking "abandoned property" and not regulated by any government agency or any organization.
雪崩、落石、不正确的安装、周期性的冰冻和暴晒、生产瑕疵以及人为的尝试使用工具移除bolt都可能引发问题。Bolts严格从法律意义上讲叫做“被遗弃的财产”,不在任何政府机关和组织的管理之下。
Bolts replaced by the ASCA may break
ASCA更换的bolt有可能损坏
The ASCA is an entirely volunteer effort to do maintenance and the bolts placed by the ASCA are in no way guaranteed and may fail.
ASCA维护更换bolt是一个完全志愿的行动,ASCA安装的bolt从不提供质量保证,并且有可能失效。
If you are seeking security, DO NOT CLIMB. To quote Helen Keller, "Life is either a daring adventure or nothing at all." Climbing of any type inherently involves the risk of death. Those hiding their unwillingness to take responsibility for their own actions behind the current legal system of the U.S. should never attempt to climb anything.
如果您追求安全保证,请不要攀登。引用Helen Keller的话,“生命要么是一场勇敢的冒险,要么狗屁不是。”任何形式的攀登都不可避免的存在死亡的风险。在现有美国的法律体系下那些不想对自己的行为负责的人永远不应该尝试去攀登。 |